Chương 7 của David Stevenson, Life of Robert Stevenson (Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1878). [39] Lee, Evolution of Railways, 89. [40] Galloway, Annals of Coal Mining, 452-53.
[41] Notes and Extracts on the History of the London & Birmingham Railway, ch. 4 (http://gerald-massey.org.uk/Railway/c04route.htm). [42] McGowan, Rainhill Trials, 144. [43] Rolt, George and Robert Stephenson, 110. [44] Smiles, Life of George Stephenson, 222. Nguyên văn in nghiêng. [45] Ibid., 226. [46] Great Britain, Proceedings of the Committee of the House of Commons on the Liverpool and Manchester Railroad Bill: Sessions, 1825, 205. [47] Ibid., 242. [48] Mô tả này được trích từ “Chat Moss Crossing, L&M Railway,” Engineering Timelines online. [49] Walker, Report to the Directors of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 170; Smiles, Life of George Stephenson, 235. [50] Smiles, Life of George Stephenson, 250-51. [51] Ibid., 251. [52] Ibid., 253-54. [53] Smiles, Industrial Biography, 285ff. [54] Walker, Report to the Directors of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 137. [55] Ibid., Appendix: General Abstract of Expenditure to 31st May 1830, 199. [56] Ibid., 205.
[57] Skeat, George Stephenson: Letters, 116. [58] Walker, Report to the Directors of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 51. [59] Ibid., 51-52. [60] Skeat, George Stephenson: Letters, 118. [61] McGowan, Rainhill Trials, 321. [62] Ibid. [63] Ibid., 321-22. [64] Ibid., 322. [65] Dendy Marshall, “The Rainhill Locomotive Trials of 1829,” Transactions of the Newcomen Society 9, no. 1 (1928): 85. Minh họa về sự kiện thường chỉ xuất hiện một lần. [66] Booth, An Account of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 182, in trong Walker, Report to the Directors of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 182. [67] Richard Gibbon, Stephensons Rocket and the Rainhill Trials (Oxford: Shire, 2010), 20-21. [68] Marshall, “Rainhill Locomotive Trials of 1829,” 87. [69] McGowan, Rainhill Trials, 197-98. [70] Marshall, “Rainhill Locomotive Trials of 1829,” 88. [71] Walker, Report to the Directors of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 194-97.
CHƯƠNG BẢY [1] Gilbert White, The Natural History of Selhorne (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1841; xuất bản lần đầu năm 1789), 231-32. [2] Ibid., 232. [3] Ibid. [4] Ibid., 232-33. [5] W. T. O’Dea, “Artificial Lighting Prior to 1800 and Its Social Effects,” Folklore 62, no. 1 (1951): 315. [6] Jenny Uglow, The Lunar Men: Five Friends Whose Curiosity Changed the World (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2002). [7] Jane Brox, Brilliant: The Evolution of Artificial Light(Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2010), 21. [8] John Stow, A Survey of London, rev. 1603 (Dover, UK: Alan Sutton, 1994), 125. [9] Desmond King-Hele, Erasmus Darwin: A Life of Unequalled Achievement (London: DLM, 1999), 18. [10] Brox, Brilliant, 29. [11] Alec Campbell, “Archibald Cochrane,” DNB online, p. 1; chin bằng sáng chế: Luter (2005), p. 3. [12] Campbell, 1-3. [13] Ibid., 5. [14] John Sugden, “Lord Cochrane, Naval Commander, Radical, Inventor (1775-1860): A Study of His Earlier Career, 1775-1818” (PhD diss., Department of History, University of Sheffield, 1981), 14.
[15] Charles Hunt, A History of the Introduction of Gas Lighting (London: Walter King, 1907), 18. [16] Sugden, “Lord Cochrane,” 28. [17] Campbell, 4. [18] Archibald Clow and Nan Clow, “Lord Dundonald,”Economic History Review 12: nos. 1 and 2 (1942): 49. [19] Leslie Tomory, Progressive Enlightenment: The Origins of the Gaslight Industry, 1780—1820 (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2012), 29. [20] Ibid., 32. [21] Gas Age-Record, 13 December 1924, 828. [22] John c. Griffiths, “William Murdoch,” DNB online. [23] John Griffiths, The Third Man: The Life and Times of William Murdoch, 1754-1839, the Inventor of Gas Lighting(London: Andre Deutsch, 1992), 102. [24] Griffiths, “William Murdoch,” DNB online. [25] Tomory, Progressive Enlightenment, 74. [26] Hunt, Introduction of Gas Lighting, 40. [27] William Murdoch, “An Account of the Application of Gas from Coal to Economical Purposes,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 98 (1808): 130. [28] Griffiths, Third Man, 242-52. [29] Ibid., 245. [30] Hunt, Introduction of Gas Lighting, 42. Hunt (41) nghĩ rằng người viết hồi ký là Henry Creighton.
[31] Griffiths, Third Man, 244; đèn xách tay: Ibid., 248. [32] Hunt, Introduction of Gas Lighting, 49. [33] Trevor H. Levere, “Dr. Thomas Beddoes: Chemistry, Medicine, and the Perils of Democracy,” Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 63 (2009): 216. [34] Dorothy A. Stansfield và Ronald G. Stansfield, “Dr. Thomas Beddoes and James Watt: Preparatory Work 1794-96 for the Bristol Pneumatic Institute,” Medical History 30, no. 3 (tháng 7 năm 1986): 283. [35] Ibid. [36] Ibid. [37] Ibid., 284. [38] Thomas Beddoes và James Watt, Considerations on the Medicinal Use of Factitious Airs, and on the Manner of Obtaining Them in Large Quantities (Bristol, UK: J. Johnson, 1794), 2. [39] Ibid. [40] Ibid., 3. [41] Mike Jay, The Atmosphere of Heaven: The Unnatural Experiments of Dr. Beddoes and His Sons of Genius (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009), 172. [42] Ibid., 183. [43] Ibid., 176. [44] Ibid., 192. [45] Ibid., 212. [46] Ibid.
[47] Ibid., 214. [48] Tomory, Progressive Enlightenment, 75. [49] Ibid., 7-8. [50] 1792, National Reward: Hunt, Introduction of Gas Lighting, 50. [51] Griffiths, Third Man, 241. [52] Ibid. [53] Tomory, Progressive Enlightenment, 76. [54] Ibid., 77. [55] Hunt, Introduction of Gas Lighting, 63-64. [56] Griffiths, Third Man, 249. [57] J. J. Mason, “George Augustus Lee,” DNB online. [58] William Murdoch,” Electric Scotland online. [59] Griffiths, Third Man, 255. [60] Hunt, Introduction of Gas Lighting, 61. [61] Ibid., 129. [62] Edward Stoops Thompson, The History of Illuminating Gas in Baltimore (Records of Phi Mu, special Collections, University of Maryland Libraries online, 1928), 5. [63] Christopher J. Castaneda, Invisible Fuel: Manufactured and Natural Gas in America, 1800-2000 (New York: Twayne, 1999), 14-15. [64] Ibid., 16-17. [65] Thompson, History of Illuminating Gas in Baltimore, 9.
[66] Ibid. [67] Christopher Castaneda, “Manufactured and Natural Gas Industry,” EH.Net online.
CHƯƠNG TÁM [1] Thomas Jefferson, “Observations on the Whale Fishery,” 1791, 12, Jefferson Papers, Avalon Project, Yale Law School Lillian Goldman Law Library online. [2] David Tedone, ed., A History of Connecticut’s Coast, US Department of Commerce pamphlet, 14 (online). [3] Lydia s. Hinchman, Early Settlers of Nantucket: Their Associates and Descendants, 2nd ed. và enl. ed. (Philadelphia: Ferris & Leach, 1901), 3-4. [4] Ibid., 7-8. [5] Ibid., 9-11. [6] Văn hóa truyền miệng của người Wampanoag: theo Nanepashemet, giám đốc Chương trình Wampanoag tại Plimoth. Xem Nantucket Historical Association (NHA) online, “A Report on the NHA Symposium: Nantucket and the Native American Legacy of New England,” Historic Nantucket 44, no. 3 (Winter 1996): 98-100. [7] Timothy J. Lapore trong Ibid. [8] Alexander Starbuck, History of the American whale Fishery from Its Earliest Inception to the Year 1876 (Waltham, MA: được xuất bản bởi tác giả, 1878), 23. [9] Lance E. Davis, Robert E. Gallman, and Karin Gleiter, In Pursuit of Leviathan: Technology, Institutions, Productivity, and Profits in American Whaling, 1816-1906 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997), 36-37. [10] Starbuck, History of the American Whale Fishery, 57. [11] Gerald s. Graham, “The Migrations of the Nantucket Whale Fishery: An Episode in British Colonial Policy,” New England Quarterly 8, no. 2 (1935): 182.
[12] Starbuck, History of the American Whale Fishery, 77. [13] William Rotch, ghi chép do William Rotch mười tám tuổi viết vào năm 1814, trong John M. Bullard, The Rotches(in riêng, 1947), 187; bốn nghìn tấn dầu cá nhà táng, £300.000: Graham, “Migrations of the Nantucket Whale Fishery,” 184. [14] Bullard, The Rotches, 188. [15] Eric Jay Dolin, Leviathan: The History of Whaling in America (New York: w. w. Norton, 2007), 173. [16] Bullard, The Rotches, 188. [17] Bullard, The Rotches, 189. [18] John Adams, The Works of John Adams, vol. 8., ed. Charles Francis Adams (Boston, Little, Brown, 1853), 308. [19] Ibid. [20] Ibid., 313. [21] Bullard, The Rotches, 189. [22] Ibid. [23] Ibid., 190. Từ văn bản này thành “Có, tôi đã trả lời, nhưng với sự tiếc nuối trong lòng”: Ibid., 190-91. [24] Starbuck, History of the American Whale Fishery, 80n. [25] Thomas Jefferson (1791)j”Report on the American Fisheries by the Secretary of State,” 3. Hereafter “Jefferson Report (1791)” [26] Ibid., 10. [27] Thomas Jefferson (1789), “Observations on the Whale Fishery,” Avalon Project, Yale Law School, n.p. (online).
[28] Ibid. [29] Davis, Gallman, and Gleiter, In Pursuit of Leviathan, 37. [30] Dolin, Leviathan, 418, n. 38, trích dẫn nguồn thế kỷ 19. Đây không phải là tàu Beaver của Rotches trong sự kiện Tiệc trà Boston. Tàu Rebecca, của New Bedford, cũng ra khơi vào năm 1791. [31] Michael Dyer, nhà sử học hàng hải cao cấp, Bảo tàng Cá voi New Bedford, trao đổi cá nhân, ngày 21 tháng 6 năm 2016. [32] “Embargo of 1807,” Monticello online,www.monticello.org/ site/research-and-collections/embargo-1807, trích dẫn Oxford Companion to American History, 404. [33] Graham, “Migrations of the Nantucket Whale Fishery,” 199; Starbuck, History of the American whale Fishery, 95. [34] Starbuck, History of the American Whale Fishery, 95. [35] Ibid., 56. [36] Alice Ford, The 1826Journal of John James Audubon(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1967), 69. [37] Edouard A. Stackpole, “Peter Folger Ewer: The Man Who Created the ‘Camels,’” Historic Nantucket 33, no. 1 (tháng 7 năm 1985): n.p.